Technologies
Explore the radio access, core network, and service-layer technologies defined across 3GPP releases.
LTE
The foundational 4G radio access technology built around OFDMA/SC-FDMA and the flat E-UTRAN architecture.
Introduced Rel-8
LTE-Advanced
The first release to meet ITU IMT-Advanced requirements, adding carrier aggregation and higher-order MIMO.
Introduced Rel-10
LTE-Advanced Pro
Extends LTE toward 5G-like capabilities with NB-IoT, LAA, and massive MIMO enhancements.
Introduced Rel-13
5G NR
The 5G air interface, supporting both non-standalone and standalone deployments across FR1 and FR2.
Introduced Rel-15
5G-Advanced
The evolution of 5G NR starting at Rel-18, adding AI/ML-native features, NTN, and RedCap enhancements.
Introduced Rel-18
IMS
The access-agnostic subsystem delivering VoIP, VoLTE, VoNR, and multimedia services over IP.
Introduced Rel-8
EPC
The all-IP core network introduced alongside LTE, comprising the MME, S-GW, and P-GW.
Introduced Rel-8
Security
The cross-generation set of authentication, key management, and ciphering specifications.
Introduced R99
5GC
The service-based, cloud-native core network architecture underpinning 5G NR.
Introduced Rel-15
VoLTE
IMS-based voice service delivered natively over the LTE packet-switched network.
Introduced Rel-9
3GPP System
Cross-system requirements, specification management, working methods, and programme-level documents.
Introduced Rel-15
3GPP Services
Stage 1 service requirements and service-level capabilities spanning radio and core generations.
Introduced Rel-15
Codecs & Media
Speech, audio, video, and multimedia codec specifications and media handling.
Introduced Rel-15
Data Services
Data applications, terminal data functions, and related service specifications.
Introduced Rel-15
OAM & Charging
Network management, orchestration, charging, performance, configuration, and resource models.
Introduced Rel-15
UICC & Smart Cards
Subscriber identity modules, integrated circuit cards, application toolkits, and associated tests.
Introduced Rel-15
Conformance Testing
Conformance and interoperability test specifications for user equipment and subscriber identity modules.
Introduced Rel-15
Multi-RAT
Specifications spanning multiple radio access technologies and shared-spectrum functions.
Introduced Rel-15
NTN
Satellite and other non-terrestrial access for NR and IoT, covering transparent and regenerative payloads, feeder links, and NTN-capable UE/RAN procedures.
Introduced Rel-17
Network Slicing
End-to-end network slicing across RAN, transport, and 5GC — including S-NSSAI, NSSF, slice management, and slice-aware QoS/policy.
Introduced Rel-15